1. The War of 1812 against Great Britain [1812-1814]*;
2. The Mexican-U.S.A. War [1846-1848]*;
3. The Spanish-American War [1898]*;
4. World War I [1917-1918]*;
5. World War II [1941-1945]*.

*Dates of America's direct involvement in the war.

In each of the eight other major wars involving the U.S.A., Congress did not pass a declaration of war and the President did not recommend to Congress that it pass such a declaration. The eight undeclared major wars were:

1. The U.S. naval war with France [1798-1800]*;
2. The first war against the Barbary pirate states of
    North Africa [1801-1805]*;
3. The second war against the Barbary states [1815]*;
4. The Mexican-U.S.A. conflicts immediately preceeding
    American entrance into World War I [1914-1917]*;
5. The Korean War [1950-1953]*;
6. The Vietnam War [1961-1975]*;
7. The Persian Gulf War [1991]*;
8. The Kosovo-Yugoslav War [1999]*.

*Dates of America's direct involvement in the war.

The many other undeclared U.S. military actions overseas included armed intervention into--

A revolution in Hawaii [1893];

The Philippine Insurrection [1899-1902];

China during the Boxer Rebellion [1900];

The Moro Wars, suppressing a Muslim rebellion in the Philippines [1901-1913];

The Panamaian rebellion, assisting the rebels in their efforts to secede from Colombia [1903];

Cuba, to suppress a rebellion and restore order [1906- 1909];

Various rebellions and civil wars in Central America [1909-1933];

Cuba, to "defuse" an armed uprising [1912];

Haiti, making it a virtual protectorate of the U.S.A. [1915-1934];

The Dominican Republic, occupying the country until a constitutionally elected government was installed [1916-1924];

Cuba, to obtain the overthrow of a regime that had come to power via an armed revolt and coup d'etat [1917];

The Russian Civil War, siding with the opponents of the Bolshevik (Communist) regime [1919-1921];

Lebanon, to counter a Syrian-aided Muslim revolt and restore order [1958];

A civil war in the Dominican Republic [1965];

Cambodia, destroying supply centers and staging areas for North Vietnamese military operations in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War [1969-1970];

Cambodia in the Mayaguez affair, forcing surrender of a U.S. merchant ship and crew seized by Cambodian Communist military forces [1975];

Iran, in an unsuccessful attempt to rescue the hostages taken by Irani militants when, in 1979, they seized the U.S. Embassy in Teheran [1980];

The armed struggle among political factions in Lebanon [1982-1984];

Grenada, overthrowing the Marxist-Leninist, pro-Cuban regime, expelling the Cuban agents and paramilitary personnel, and allowing a political coalition committed to democratic elections and favorably disposed toward American interests to assume governing power [1983];

Panama, overthrowing the regime of dictator and narcotics smuggler Manuel Noriega [1989];

Somalia, seeking to end the violence and disorder in that East African country [1992-1994];

Haiti, to restore order and reinstate Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the democratically elected President of the country [1994];

The ethnic warfare in Bosnia, imposing a ceasefire and, in effect, establishing a U.N.-U.S.A. protec torate over Bosnia [1994-1995].

These numerous undeclared U.S. military actions also included:

The naval war waged against German submarines and other Axis naval craft in the North Atlantic immediately prior to American entrance into World War II [1941];

The naval "quarantine" (i.e., blockade) maintained around Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis [1962];

Aerial bombardment of Libya, striking a missile site on one occasion and, on another, bombing terrorist related targets in Tripoli and Benghazi [1986];

"Operation Desert Shield"--President Bush's sending U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia, in the wake of the Iraqi occupation of and huge military buildup in Kuwait; [1990]

The continuing presence of U.S. aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf and the maintenance of no-fly zones over Iraq, the latter, in effect, establishing pro tectorates over Kurdish and Shiite regions of that country; [1991-1999];

The U.S. missile attack on Iraq, launched on Presi dent Clinton's orders and aimed at the Iraqi govern ment's intelligence headquarters in Baghdad [1993];

Missile strikes against Iraqi military installations in southern Iraq [1996];

Cruise missile attacks against terrorist-related targets in Afghanistan and Sudan [1998].