The United States Constitution provides for the executive branch of the U.S. national government in -- A. Article I;  B. Article II;  C. Article III;  D. Article IV;  E. Article V.
[Correct Response: B]

The President of the United States is -- A. elected directly by the voters in a single nationwide constituency;  B. limited to one eight-year term;  C. chosen by an electoral college consisting of presidential electors elected by the member-states of the Union;  D. elected by a federal assembly composed of all members of Congress and the governors of the fifty states;  E. elected to a four-year term, with no limit on the number of times he can be reelected.
[Correct Response: C]

Those political leaders and scholars who argue that the constitutional power of the President includes general, undefined authority to take rapid and decisive action to cope with a national emergency of extraordinary proportions refer to that broad power as the presidential -- A. filibuster;  B. power of eminent domain;  C. police power;  D. prerogative;  E. treatymaking power.
[Correct Response: D]

The Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with -- A. filling vacancies in the office of Vice President;  B. executive privileges;  C. the number of terms a president may serve;  D. authority of the President to commit troops overseas;  E. the circumstances under which Congress elects the President and Vice President.
[Correct Response: C]

The executive powers of the President include authority to -- A. function as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces;  B. veto bills passed by Congress;  C. grant reprieves and pardons for offensives against the United States;  D. make uniform rules on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;  E. grant titles of nobility.
[Correct response: A]

The President's veto of a congressional bill can be overridden by -- A. simple majority vote in each of the two houses of Congress;   B. majority vote in a national popular referendum;  C. two-thirds majority vote in each of the two chambers of Congress;  D. three-fifths majority vote in the National Governors' Conference;  E. absolute majority vote in the Judicial Conference of the United States.
[Correct Response: C]

The President's executive powers include authority to -- A. require written reports from the heads of the executive departments;  B. call a special session of Congress;  C. admit new states into the Union;  D. regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states of the Union;  E. veto statutes enacted by the state legislatures.
[Correct Response: A]

The legislative powers of the President include authority to -- A. appoint officers of the national government;  B. receive ambassadors from foreign governments;  C. grant reprieves and pardons for federal crimes;  D. give Congress information on the state of the Union;  E. borrow money on the credit of the United States.
[Correct Response: D]

The executive powers of the President include authority to -- A. officially declare that a state of war exists between the U.S.A. and another sovereign state;  B. take care that the national laws be faithfully executed;  C. levy taxes;  D. adjourn Congress whenever the two houses cannot agree on an adjournment date;  E. veto constitutional amendments proposed by Congress.
[Correct Response: B]

The President's legislative powers include authority to -- A. commission all officers of the United States;  B. establish the lower federal courts;  C. recommend for the consideration of Congress such measures as he judges necessary or expedient;  D. exercise exclusive legislative jurisdiction in all cases whatsoever over Washington, D.C.;  E. define and prescribe punishment for federal crimes.
[Correct response: C]

The judicial power of the President includes authority to -- A. appoint officers of the national government;  B. conclude treaties with foreign governments;  C. grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States;  D. call Congress into extraordinary session;  E. determine the disposition of property seized by the U.S. Armed Forces during time of war.
[Correct Response: C]

The United States Constitution makes subject to U.S. Senate confirmation the President's appointment of -- A. members of Congress;  B. all federal executive officers;  C. judges of the U.S. Supreme Court;  D. the Governor of each state;  E. the National College of Cardinals and Archbishops.
[Correct Response: C]

Congress, by statute, makes subject to U.S. Senate confirmation the President's appointment of -- A. U.S. Supreme Court justices;   B. all federal executive officers;  C. judges of the lower federal courts;  D. the Governor of each state;  E. members of the state legislatures.
[Correct Response: C]

The U.S. Constitution makes subject to Senate confirmation the President's appointment of -- A. U.S. ambassadors to foreign governments;  B. all federal judges;  C. all military officers;  D. the U.S. Secretary of State;  E. the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.
[Correct Response: A]

When the President delivers his annual State of the Union address and recommends legislation for congressional legislation, he is said to be exercising his -- A. executive authority;  B. spiritual power;  C. message power;  D. judicial authority;  E. pontifical power.
[Correct Response: C]

A treaty concluded by the President cannot go into effect as American law unless and until it is ratified by -- A. a three-fifths vote in the U.S. House of Representatives;  B. legislatures in three-fourths of the states;  C. a majority of the voters voting in a nationwide popular referendum;  D. a two-thirds vote in the U.S. Senate;  E. a unanimous decision of the U.S. Supreme Court.
[Correct Response: D]

Under the U.S. Constitution, diplomatic recognition of a foreign government is a power of -- A. both houses of Congress;  B. the President, with Senate approval;  C. the President only;  D. the President, with the approval of both houses of Congress;  E. the Supreme Court, with presidential approval.
[Correct Response: C]

The President possesses authority to grant pardons -- A. for all offenses against the United States;  B. for all criminal convictions in the federal and state courts;  C. only for convictions on impeachment charges brought against civil officers of the United States;  D. for all offenses against the United States, except in impeachment cases;  E. only for convictions on impeachment charges brought against members of the United States Armed Forces.
[Correct Response: D]

The power of the President to conclude treaties is referred to as the -- A. message power;  B. confederative power;  C. charismatic power;  D. judicial power;  E. administrative power.
[Correct Response: B]

Statutes of Congress make subject to U.S. Senate confirmation presidential appointment of -- A. judges of the U.S. Supreme Court;   B. United States ambassadors to foreign governments;  C. the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;  D. the Governors of the states;  E. the members of the upper chamber of each state legislature.
[Correct Response: C]

Statutes of Congress make subject to Senate confirmation the President's appointmemnt of -- A. the heads of the Cabinet-level executive departments;  B. the chairmen of the U.S. Senate and House standing committees;  C. all lower-ranking officers in the executive branch of the national government;  D. the Chief Justice of each state supreme court;  E. members of the Council of State.
[Correct Response: A]

The President plays a major role in the system of checks and balances through his exercise of the power to -- A. appoint the chairmen of House and Senate standing committees;  B. veto bills passed by Congress;  C. amend a bill passed by Congress and make the amended version of the bill U.S. law by signing it;  D. line-item veto appropriations bills passed by Congress;  E. suspend operation of the laws and govern by decree.
[Correct Response: B]

When the Office of President becomes vacant, due to the death, resignation, or removal of the incumbent President before the end of his term -- A. the Electoral College reconvenes and elects, by majority vote, a new president;  B. the incumbent Vice President becomes President;  C. a special popular election is called to elect a new president;  D. Congress meets in a joint session to elect a new president;  E. the voters elect a Special Federal Constituent Assembly, which convenes in Washington, D.C., and chooses the President.
[Correct Response: B]

In the event of the resignation, death, or removal of the sitting Vice President before the expiration of his term, a new vice president is -- A. elected by direct popular in a special national election;  B. nominated by majority vote in the Cabinet and confirmed by the President;  C. nominated by the President and confirmed by two-thirds majority vote in the U.S. Senate and in the U.S. House of Representatives;  D. elected by majority vote in the Electoral College;  E. nominated by the President and confirmed by simple majority vote in each of the two houses of Congress.
[Correct Response: E]

On the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in years exactly divisible by four, the voters -- A. officially elect the President;  B. in each state choose from rival slates of candidates for presidential elector;  C. in a single nationwide constituency elect nine judges to serve on the United States Supreme Court;  D. vote in a national popular referendum to approve or reject important legislation proposed by the President and passed by Congress;  E. elect the members of the Curia Regis of the U.S.A.
[Correct Response: B]

The President's legislative program for each year is generally outlined in the -- A. State of the World Address;  B. Budget Message to Congress;  C. Annual Fireside Chat;  D. State of the Union Address;  E. President's Address before the Annual Convention of the Muslim Brotherhood, U.S.A.
[Correct Response: D]

When the sitting President believes that he is incapable of performing the duties of office and gives Congress written notice -- A. the incumbent Vice President temporarily serves as Acting President;  B. Congress in joint session elects a new President;  C. a new president is elected directly by the voters in a special national election;  D. the National Governors' Conference holds a special meeting to elect the new President;  E. the Curia Regis nominates five presidential candidates, from which the Federal Convention elects the President.
[Correct Response: A]

When the National Convention of a major political party in the U.S.A. nominates its candidate for Vice President, the Convention normally -- A. conducts a national primary to determine the choice the National Convention will make;  B. follows the expressed wishes of the party's candidate for President;  C. follows the recommendation made by a majority of the members of the party's National Committee;  D. exercises its complete independence in arriving at a decision;  E. authorizes the Convention's Chairman to flip a coin in public to determine the official decision of the Convention. [Correct Response: B]

Formal-legal powers of the President used by him in his role as chief diplomat, or chief architect of American foreign policy, include authority to -- A. negotiatate executive agreements with the heads of foreign governments;  B. grant or withhold diplomatic recognition of governments of other sovereign states;  C. send U.S. ambassadors to foreign governments and receive ambassadors from foreign governments;  D. do all of the above;  E. do none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

Functions performed by the President in his role as national chief executive include serving as -- A. initiator of broad programs of government action to cope with the nation's main problems;  B. top manager in the executive branch of the national government;  C. chief national law-enforcement officer and chief financial officer in the national government;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The President's formal-legal powers which support him in his role as chief legislator in the national government include authority to -- A. recommend legislative programs through messages to Congress;  B. veto bills passed by Congress;  C. call Congress into extraordinary session;  D. do all of the above;  E. do none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

Informal methods employed by the President to shape the course of congressional legislation and its policy content include -- A. personal contacts with congressional leaders and key congressional committee members;  B. use of patronage and distribution of favors;  C. getting subordinate executive officers to function as a "presidential lobby" before congressional committees;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

Functions performed by the President as chief of party, or top national leader of his political party, include -- A. influencing the voters on behalf of his party;  B. making patronage appointments to high executive positions in the national government;  C. campaigning for the party's candidates for high public office;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

Duties of the President in his role as Chief of State involve -- A. greeting foreign dignitaries and acting as host at state dinners;  B. throwing out the first baseball at the start of the season;  C. bestowing honors;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The President cannot exercise any power that does not fall into one of these three categories of authority: (1) powers of the President expressly delegated by the U.S. Constitution; (2) powers clearly implied as necessary and proper to exercise of the President's powers expressly granted in the Constitution; (3) powers expressly delegated to the President through congressional statutory legislation. This is a statement of the -- A. Hamiltonian theory of presidential power;  B. Whig theory of presidential power;  C. stewardship theory of presidential power;  D. prerogative theory of presidential power;  E. the strong-presidency theory of presidential power.
[Correct Response: B]

Not only does the President possess and have the right to exercise broad grants of power enumerated in the U.S. Constitution, he also possesses and may exercise broad discretionary authority to decide and act in the national interest, i.e., general undefined power to take rapid and decisive action to cope with national crises and emergency situations. This is an expression of -- A. James Buchanan's theory of presidential power;  B. the Hamiltonian interpretation of presidential power;  C. the Whig theory of presidential power; D. William Howard Taft's interpretation of presidential power;  E. the states' rights theory of presidential power.
[Correct Response: B]

Andrew Jackson's conception of the President as "tribune of the people" and as possessing an inherent power is an articulation of the -- A. Hamiltonian theory of presidential power;  B. Whig theory of presidential power;  C. Antifederalist view of a desirable top executive authority in the central government;  D. doctrine of Emaculate Conception;  E. theory holding that a preponderance of political power should be vested in the legislature.
[Correct Response: A]

Presidents who have adhered to the Whig theory of presidential power include -- A. William Henry Harrison and John Tyler;  B. Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore;  C. James Buchanan and Ulysses S. Grant;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

Expressions of the Hamiltonian theory of presidential power include -- A. Abraham Lincoln's theory of "constitutional dictatorship";  B. the stewardship theory of government;  C. the analysis of presidential power contained in Federalist 70;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The Whig theory of presidential power probably was best articulated by -- A. George Washington;  B. Theodore Roosevelt;  C. William Howard Taft;  D. Franklin Delano Roosevelt;  E. Richard M. Nixon.
[Correct Response: C]

The stewardship theory of presidential power is attributed to -- A. John Adams;  B. William Howard Taft;  C. Theodore Roosevelt;  D. James Buchanan;  E. Thaddeus Stevens.
[Correct Response: C]

Presidents who have conducted themselves in accordance with the Hamiltonian theory of presidentiasl power include -- A. Dwight David Eisenhower, Ronald Wilson Reagan, and George W. Bush;  B. Grover Clerveland, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt;  C. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Baines Johnson;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.

Presidential staff aides who oversee the political and policy interests of the President and enable him to communicate with Congress, executive department and agency heads, the news media, and the general public make up the -- A. Cabinet;  B. White House Office;  C. Democratic National Committee;  D. Privy Council;  E. Republican National Committee.
[Correct Response: B]

The central staff agency of the President is the -- A. Council of Economic Advisers;  B. Central Intelligence Agency;  C. Office of Science and Technology;  D. Council on Environmental Quality;  E. Office of Management and Budget.
[Correct Response: E]

As regards constraints on the President's ability to plan and develop a legislative program -- A. the President must, before he commits himself, judge public and congressional reactions to his legislative program;  B. because of his limited time and attention span, the President has great difficulty keeping up with all the proposed legislation about which he is supposed to be knowledgeable and on which he is expected to make decisions;  C. the President is likely to be faced with major domestic or foreign crises, when he least expects them;  D. ordinarily, the President can bring about only marginal changes in national public policy;  E. all of the above are true.
[Correct Response: E]

Often a president's "new initiatives" in domestic public policy -- A. are highly creative;  B. have been previously considered in Congress;  C. have been previously thought out and proposed by past presidents;  D. are a response to grassroots demands;  E. are derived from the national platform of the Green Party, U.S.A. [Correct Response: B]

In United States v. Curtiss Wright Corporation (1936), the U.S. Supreme Court -- A. restricted presidential warmaking powers;  B. required the President to execute a law against his will;  C. referred to the broad presidential powers in foreign affairs;  D. limited the impoundment powers of Congress;  E. severely limited the President's role in the treaty-making process.
[Correct Response: C]

The U.S. government agency that often carries out operations in foreign countries, such as providing economic and military aid to rebels fighting a political regime hostile to the U.S.A., is the -- A. Secret Service;  B. Senate Intelligence Committee;  C. National Security Agency;  D. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Matters;  E. Central Intelligence Agency.
[Correct Response: E]

In Washington, D.C., the U.S. government agency that has the reputation for representing the interests of foreign nations to the U.S.A. as much as it represents American interests abroad is the -- A. U.S. Department of Defense;  B. Central Intelligence Agency;  C. U.S. Department of State;  D. National Security Council;  E. U.S. Council on International Relations.
[Correct Response: C]

What the President will read on many foreign-policy issues is decided chiefly by -- A. staff aides of the National Security Council;  B. senior members of the Senate Intelligence Committee;  C. high-ranking officers of the U.S. Foreign Service;  D. senior members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee;  E. senior members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
[Correct Response: A]

The power of the President in foreign affairs is checked by -- A. disagreements among the President's principal foreign-policy advisers;  B. Senate participation in presidential appointments;  C. the need for congressional approval of all military spending;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The President enters into foreign agreements without congressional approval by means of -- A. the telephone;  B. CIA protocol;  C. executive agreements;  D. treaties;  E. executive privilege.
[Correct Response: C]

As regards the President's conduct of foreign affairs -- A. the voters ordinarily tend to be supportive and forebearing with respect to the President's conduct of foreign policy;  B. the voters are critical and quick tempered regarding the President's conduct of foreign policy;  C. the voters have firsthand knowledge of foreign affairs and therefore do not have to take the President's word when he describes U.S. national interests abroad;  D. public support of the President in a given foreign-policy action can be expected to last indefinitely;  E. presidential elections are frequently won or lost over issues of foreign policy.
[Correct Response: A]

As regards the President's conduct of economic policy -- A. the voters tend to be supportive and forebearing with respect to the President's conduct of economic policy;  B. authority over economic policy is less widely dispersed in the national government than is authority over foreign policy;  C. the voters have firsthand knowledge of the effects of recession or rapid inflation;   D. presidential elections are only occasionally won or lost over issues of economic policy;  E. the President's economic advisers are very good at predicting future economic conditions. [Correct Response: C]

The President has the greatest flexibility to set national public policy in the area of -- A. social welfare;  B. budget appropriations;  C. environmental and energy issues;  D. foreign and military affairs;  E. taxation.
[Correct Response: D]

Key subordinates from whom the President obtains economic advice include -- A. the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;  B. the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers;  C. the Secretary of the Treasury;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The the U.S. government officer or agency that has the greatest impact on the American economy is the -- A. President;  B. Office of Management and Budget;  C. Federal Reserve Board;  D. Department of Commerce;  E. Secretary of the Treasury.
[Correct Response: C]

The functions of the White House Office include all but -- A. domestic policy;  B. economiv policy;  C. congressional relations;  D. managing the money supply;  E. national security and foreign policy.
[Correct Response: D]

The President's influence over his political party includes selecting the party's -- A. National Chairman;  B. candidastes for the U.S. House of Representatives;  C. state and local leaders;  D. precinct workers;  E. candidates for the U.S. Senate.
[Correct Response: A]

If the President is to be a successful politician, he must be able to -- A. give commands; B. manage conflict;  C. stand on principle;  D. rise above politics;  E. bribe members of Congress, without getting caught.
[Correct Response: B]

In the contemporary era, the Cabinet, as a collective body, has been used by Presidents -- A. to store supplies;  B. to serve as the key, high-level advisory council;  C. very infrequently;  D. to create broad national policy agendas;  E. to enact statutory legislation.
[Correct Response: C]

An effective president will do all but -- A. clarify major issues;  B. set national goals and propose national legislation;  C. avoid conflict at all costs;  D. know where the followers are;  E. engage in political negotiation and bargaining.
[Correct Response: C]

Richard E. Neustadt argues that the greatest resource of the President is his -- A. appointment powers;  B. authority to issue executive orders;  C. power as commander-in-chief;  D. ability to persuade;  E. willingness to promote political turmoil and social disintegration.
[Correct Response: D]

As regards the President and public opinion -- A. presidents rarely try to manipulate public opinion;  B. nearly all presidents lose support the longer they are in office;  C. presidents commission private polls to guage public opinion;  D. public opinion can be unstable and unpredictable;  E. all of the above are true except A.
[Correct Response: E]

The Vice President -- A. occupies the office that has traditionally been the second most powerful position in establishing national public policy;  B. presides over the U.S. House of Representatives and casts the deciding vote in the event of a tie;  C. is constitutionally limited to domestic policy-making, except in the case of presidential death or disability;  D. presides over the U.S. Senate and casts the deciding vote in the event of a tie;  E. serves as the President's "Administration Floor Leader" in both chambers of Congress.
[Correct Response: D]

When the President refuses to spend funds appropriated by Congress, the action is called -- A. treason;  B. creative financing;  C. impoundment;  D. pecuniary containment;  E. implementation of loose monetary policy.
[Correct Response: C]

A legislative veto was used by Congress to -- A. block enforcement of a law signed by the President;  B. delegate lawmaking authority to the executive branch and then review the rules, regulations, and decisions made under that authority;  C. prevent the House of Representatives from overriding the Senate;  D. override a presidential veto;  E. overturn a joint decision of the Cabinet and the U.S. Supreme Court.
[Correct Response: B]

Presidential actions involving use of the power of executive veto do not include -- A. returning to Congress a bill unsigned, along with the President's objections to the bill;  B. impeaching members of Congress who supported a bill subsequently vetoed by the President;  C. taking no action on the bill, if Congress adjourns in less than ten days;  D. threatening to veto a bill, if Congress passes it;  E. the President, in effect, functioning as a third chamber of the legislature.
[Correct Response: B]

Congress and the U.S. Courts have conceded that the President does have the right to withhold certain types of information when it is vital to -- A. avoiding a national scandal;  B. implementation of a treaty made under the authority of the United States;  C. national security;  D. fiscal responsibility;  E. national economic planning.
[Correct Response: C]

Executive privilege is used by presidents to -- A. impound federal funds;  B. make war;  C. accept questionable gifts;  D. withhold information;  E. enter into treaties and formal alliances with foreign governments.
[Correct Response: D]

In dealings with the President, senatorial courtesy involves -- A. protocol used in floor debate;  B. the war powers;  C. the treaty-making power;  D. the appointment powers;  E. the message power.
[Correct Response: D]

Sources of conflict between Congress and the President include all but -- A. diverse geographic constituencies;  B. constitutional provisions requiring extensive power sharing;  C. conflicting responsibilities;  D. consistently common goals;  E. different terms of office.
[Correct Response:D]

Factors which sometimes help the President to win support in Congress include all but -- A. advocating policies with short-range costs and long-range payoffs;  B. personal lobbying and persuasiveness;  C. high public visibility of the Office of President and its occupant;  D. threat of a presidential veto;  E. political bargaining and coalition building.
[Correct Response: A]