The United States Constitution provides for the judicial power of the national government in -- A. Article I;  B. Article II;   C. Article III;  D. Article IV;  E. Article V.
[Correct Response: C]

The U.S. Constitution vests the judicial power of the national government in the -- A. U.S. Supreme Court alone;  B. Constitutional Court of the United States, which consists of all U.S. Supreme Court justices and the chief justices of the fifty state supreme courts;  C. U.S. Supreme Court and such lower federal courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish;   D. U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary;  E. Federal Judicial Conference.
[Correct Response: C]

In the U.S.A., federal judges -- A. receive compensation set by the U.S. Department of the Treasury;  B. serve during good behavior;  C. are subject to impeachment by the President and conviction and removal from office by the U.S. Senate;  D. receive compensation set by the Office of Management and Budget;  E. may hold seats in Congress at the same time they are serving on the federal courts.
[Correct Response: B]

Cases to which the jurisdiction of the U.S. Courts extend include -- A. cases arising under the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States;  B. most criminal cases that are tried in American courts;  C. cases arising under state constitutions;   D. all civil cases that are tried in American courts;  E. cases arising under statutes enacted by state legislatures.
[Correct Response: A]

The jurisdiction of the federal courts extends to -- A. all cases affecting foreign ambassadors in the United States;  B. the trial of impeachment charges brought against officers of the United States;  C. all cases involving ships and shipping on the high seas and on the navagable waters of the United States;  D. A and C above;  E. B and C above.
[Correct Response: D]

The jurisdiction of the U.S. Courts includes -- A. controversies involving the national government as a party;  B. controversies between two or more states;  C. controversies between citizens of different states;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The authority of a court to hear and judge a case before it has been heard and decided by another court is known as -- A. ecclesiastical jurisdiction;  B. original jurisdiction;  C. absolute jurisdiction;  D. appellate jurisdiction;  E. tentative jurisdiction.
[Correct Response: B]

The authority of a higher court to review the decision of a lower court and to uphold, modify, or reverse the lower-court decision is referred to as -- A. ecclesiastical jurisdiction;  B. appellate jurisdiction;  C. absolute jurisdiction;  D. original jurisdiction;  E. tentative jurisdiction.
[Correct Response: B]

The authority of the U.S. Supreme Court to hear and decide cases affecting foreign high-ranking diplomats in the United States falls within the Court's -- A. ecclesiastical jurisdiction;  B. appellate jurisdiction;  C. original jurisdiction;  D. absolute jurisdiction;  E. tentative jurisdiction.
[Correct Response: C]

The authority of the U.S. Supreme Court to hear and decide federal cases in which a state is a party falls within the Court's -- A. ecclesiastical jurisdiction;  B. appellate jurisdiction;  C. original jurisdiction;  D. absolute jurisdiction;  E. tentative jurisdiction.
[Correct Response: C]

The authority of the U.S. Supreme Court to hear and decide controversies involving the national government as a party comes within the Court's -- A. ecclesiastical jurisdiction;  B. appellate jurisdiction;  C. original jurisdiction;  D. absolute jurisdiction;  E. tentative jurisdiction.
[Correct Response: B]

The authority of the U.S. Supreme Court to hear and decide controversies involving ships and shipping on the high seas and on the navagable waters of the United States comes within the Court's -- A. ecclesiastical jurisdiction;  B. appellate jurisdiction;   C. original jurisdiction;  D. absolute jurisdiction;  E. tentative jurisdiction.
[Correct Response: B]

Congress can check and restrain the U.S. Supreme Court by -- A. enacting a federal statute rescinding a decision of the Supreme Court;  B. passing by majority vote in each chamber a resolution removing from office one or more Supreme Court justices;  C. enacting a federal statute reducing the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court;  D. refusing to ratify a decision of the Supreme Court;  E. enacting a federal statute reducing the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
[Correct Response: C]

Judicial review is the power of a court of law to -- A. set aside a statute of the legislature which, in the opinion of the court, violates the constitution;  B. hear and decide cases in the first instance;  C. declare unconstitutional and null and void official decisions of executive officers in the government;  D. do A and C above;  E. do B and C above.
[Correct Response: D]

The U.S. Supreme Court obtained the power of judicial review by -- A. a provision of the U.S. Constitution expressly granting this power to the Court;  B. asserting the power in Marbury v. Madison (1803);  C. a congressional statute delegating the power to the Court;  D. a decree issued by the Cabinet in the exercise of its authority under the U.S. Constitution;  E. an official declaration of the Federal Judicial Council, ratified by the Federal Constitutional Convention when it reconvened.
[Correct Response: B]

A federal court today may invalidate -- A. statutes of Congress;  B. official decisions and actions of federal executive officers and agencies;  C. provisions of state constitutions;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

A federal court may set aside -- A. statutes of state legislatures;  B. official decisions and actions of state executive officers and agencies;  C. official decisions and actions of local governments;  D. all of the above;  E. none of the above.
[Correct Response: D]

The United States District Courts -- A. were established by express constitutional provision;  B. are courts of original jurisdiction;  C. review criminal cases decided by the state courts;  D. are courts of appellate jurisdiction;  E. have jurisdiction only in civil cases brought by individuals, groups, or government for alleged violation of public or private rights under federal law.
[Correct Response: B]

U.S. District Courts -- A. hear and decide cases under canon law;  B. deal only with criminal cases;  C. hear cases pertaining to federal laws;  D. never include jury trials;  E. hear and decide cases under Islamic law.
[Correct Response: C]

In the United States Courts of Appeals -- A. witnesses testify and lawyers conduct cross-examinations;  B. judges and juries decide the fate of litigants;  C. appeals are based strictly on the rulings made and procedures followed in the trial courts;   D. litigation in federal cases begins;  E. cases are heard on appeal from Courts of Islamic Law.
[Correct Response: C]

U.S. Courts of Appeals -- A. are courts of original jurisdiction;  B. are highly specialized revolutionary tribunals;  C. review cases that have already been tried in the federal district courts and in the independent regulatory commissions and boards;  D. normally utilize panels of nine judges to hear individual cases;  E. hear cases affecting high-ranking foreign diplomats.
[Correct Response: C]

For a state court decision to be brought before the U.S. Supreme Court for review, the case must -- A. reach the end of the line in the state court system;  B. raise a federal legal question;  C. raise a legal question under the constitution and laws of the state;  D. meet conditions A and B above;  E. meet conditions B and C above.
[Correct Response: D]

Most cases appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court come there through the Court's granting petitions for writs of -- A. mandamus;   B. injunction;  C. habeas corpus;  D. certiorari;  E. indulgence.
[Correct Response: D]

In order to bring a civil case to the United States Courts, one must have all of the following except -- A. standing to sue;  B. an actual case or controversy;  C. a justiciable dispute;  D. the services of a U.S. Attorney;  E. a cause presenting a question capable of resolution by legal methods.
[Correct Response: D]

The only federal courts that regularly employ grand juries and trial juries are the -- A. Circuit Courts;  B. Courts of Appeals;  C. District Courts;  D. Superior Courts;  E. Courts of Second Instance.
[Correct Response: C]

The size of the U.S. Supreme Court -- A. has never been changed;  B. is set by the U.S. Constitution;  C. is determined by the President;  D. is determined by congressional statute;  E. is decided on by majority vote in the Judicial Conference of the United States.
[Correct Response: D]

Cases before the U.S. Supreme Court are decided -- A. unanimously;  B. by two-thirds vote;  C. by majority vote;  D. by plurality vote;  E. on the basis of demoniacal guidance.
[Correct Response: C]

Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are written -- A. always by the Chief Justice;  B. by one of the justices in the majority assigned to the task by either the Chief Justice or the most senior justice in the majority;  C. by the Clerk of the Supreme Court;  D. by the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. Senate;  E. by the Attorney General of the United States.
[Correct Response: B]

Federal judges receive their offices by means of -- A. nomination by the American Bar Association and confirmation by the President;  B. presidential appointment, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate;  C. election by Congress from candidates nominated by the state legislatures;  D. appointment by the President from candidates nominated by the state governors;  E. election by the Judicial Conference of the United States.
[Correct Response: B]

The rule of precedent, whereby a rule of law contained in a judicial decision is commonly viewed as binding on judges whenever the same legal question is presented in a future case, is called -- A. transubstantiation;  B. habeas corpus;  C. stare decisis;   D. amicus curiae;  E. eminent domain.
[Correct Response: C]

A judicial system in which a court of law is a neutral arena where opposing parties to a case argue their differences is known as -- A. an adversary system;  B. trial by combat;  C. a judicial activist system;  D. trial by ordeal;  E. a brokerage system.
[Correct Response: A]

The chief basis of judicial decisions by the United States Courts consists of -- A. the doctrine of dual federalism;  B. precedent;  C. the principle of stare decisis;  D. A and C above;  E. B and C above.
[Correct Response: E]

Judge-made law is known as -- A. statutory law;  B. common law;  C. administrative law;  D. criminal law;  E. canon law.
[Correct Response: B]

Courts of equity are used -- A. to interpret the Federal Constitution;  B. to compensate injured parties in civil cases;  C. whenever common law is inadequate in disputes between private parties;  D. interpret criminal law;  E. to compensate injured parties in international disputes.
[Correct Response: C]

The American judicial system is characterized by all of the following except -- A. possession of power that is essentially passive;   B. a process based on the adversary system;  C. federal courts that can always overrule state courts;  D. a work load that has greatly expanded;  E. a federal supreme court that claims no authority to settle political questions.
[Correct Response: C]

The United States Courts' possession and exercise of the power of judicial review is necessary because -- A. the U.S. Constitution is full of general phrases which can be interpreted in a variety of ways in any specific situation;  B. Congress often passes unconstitutional laws;  C. the U.S. Constitution mandates exercise of such power by the federal courts;  D. the legislative authority reserved to Congress by the Federal Constitution is inherent and largely undefined;  E. the U.S. Constitution gives federal judges unlimited power.
[Correct Response: A]

Article III federal courts of specialized jurisdiction include the -- A. U.S. Supreme Court;  B. U.S. District Court;  C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims;  D. U.S. Court of Appeals;  E. National Court of the High Chamber.
[Correct Response: C]

Article III federal courts of specialized jurisdiction include -- A. the U.S. Court of International Trade;  B. the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit;  C. the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court;  D. A and C above;  E. B and C above.
[Correct Response: D]

Legislative courts of the United States include -- A. the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces;  B. the U.S. Tax Court;   C. the U.S. Court of International Trade;  D. A and B above;  E. A and C above.
[Correct Response: D]

Grounds for appeal from the decision of a federal trial court include all of the following except -- A. the fact that a party in the dispute disagrees with the verdict of the trial court;  B. doubt about the constitutionality of a federal statute;  C. discovery of new evidence;  D. a question regarding procedural fairness before or during the trial;  E. errors in the trial court's application of the relevant law.
[Correct Response: A]

Conditions under which cases may originate in federal courts include all of the following except -- A. questions regarding admiralty and maritime law;  B. violation of a federal law;  C. disagreement between two parties from the same state over an amount of money or property exceeding $20,000;  D. a legal dispute between the United States and another party;  E. a legal dispute between citizens of different states.
[Correct Response: C]

No decision can be rendered by the U.S. Supreme Court unless -- A. all nine justices participate;  B. a quorum of five is present;  C. at least six justices participate;  D. at least two justices represent the opinion of a nationwide popular majority;   E. the Chief Justice agrees with the opinion of a majority of the participating justices.
[Correct Response: C]

If a U.S. Supreme Court justice agrees with the majority decision, but differs on the reasoning, he files -- A. a concurring opiniom;   B. a dissenting opinion;  C. articles of agreement;  D. a minority opinion;  E. a writ of mandamus.
[Correct Response: A]

Administrative law judges in the U.S. national government -- A. are part of the system of U.S. District Courts;  B. operate under the protections and procedures of the Administrative Procedures Act;  C. are appointed by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate;  D. hear appeals from the decisions of state administrative commissions and boards;  E. assist the Chief Justice of the United States in administering the overall federal court system.
[Correct Response: B]